Every unit tested before it ships
Every electronic product is built around at least one PCBA, a printed circuit board assembly: the board with its components fitted, usually made by a specialist assembly house. Between that assembly house and the customer, test equipment checks the product twice, once as a board and once as a finished product. A tester that is wrong either lets faults through or rejects good product, so it has to be more trustworthy than the thing it tests.
Every tester begins with a functional specification, the contract that defines what is tested and what counts as a pass. Sometimes the product's designer already holds it, and the tester is built to it. Sometimes it has yet to be written, and the testing is defined together with the designer, measurement by measurement.
With the specification agreed, design moves through defined milestones toward a tester made for the production floor: robust, built for volume, and equipped for exactly what the product demands. Each one ships fully documented, down to its operating and calibration manuals.
- Assembly house
- PCBA verifier
- Product assembly
- Final product tester
- Customer
PCBA verifiers
Verify the board before it goes into anything: the right components, correctly fitted, behaving as designed. The designer's test points set what can be verified. A fault found here costs minutes; inside a finished product, it costs a strip-down.
Final product testers
Test the finished product the way it will be used. Assembly brings faults of its own: a pinched cable, a missed connector, a damaged part. This is the final proof that the product does what its specification promises, before it leaves the factory.